To chaos.
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Eventually everything leads to chaos. This is called the chaos theory. Because of a principle of thermodynamics: the amount of entropy will increase inevitably. This means that disorder will always increase and never decrease. This leads to chaos at the end. Entropy is disorder, in every level: in macrocosmos, in microcosmos, in our daily lives. If you drop a coffee cup and it brakes to floor, it will be broken, it cannot be fixed back intact. The time runs only forward, it can never, in any circumstances, stop, or run backwards. The broken coffee cup don't collect it's pieces together and jump to the table again. It's entropy has increased because it broked. Eventually all things broke, die, and cease to exist. Entropy of everything will increase by time. The longer time runs, the more entropy will increase. Eventually leading to chaos. If you build a house, someday it will fall apart. Someday you will die, your body falls apart. Someday in far future the whole Earth will be destroyed by the Sun's last breath and eventually the whole Universe will fall apart to chaos.
But, as predicted, probably a new Universe can be born out of that chaos. All the matter of the Universe thickens into a new Singularity and a new Big Bang starting everything all over again.
perjantai 2. maaliskuuta 2012
sunnuntai 19. kesäkuuta 2011
Is the World going to end?
Yes. Eventually.
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But not in a long, long time. Nothing is permanent in the Universe. Nothing lasts forever. The Universe was born 13.75 billion years ago (433.6 x 1015 = 13 750 000 000) and it will live very long, yet unclear amount of time forward. The Solar System and the Earth were born 4.54 billion years ago (4.54 × 109 = 4 540 000 000). The Sun gives light and warmth which are necessities of maintaining life on Earth. Sun is a star and stars use nuclear reaction (fission and fusion) in their cores to change elements to another. Sun uses hydrogen and transforms it to helium which creates massive amounts of energy. That gives the light and warmth of a star. When all the hydrogen is transformed into helium, Sun will enlarge to Red Giant, which is much bigger star than its now, and red in colour. Red Giant is so much larger than Sun now, accordingly much closer to Earth, so it will make living on Earth impossible. It comes so hot in here that everything will burn. If Sun doesn't devour Earth itself, it will burn it to dry rock. When Sun has thus used all its left powers, and blow its utmost gas spheres out to the space, it will shrink to a White Dwarf, which is relatively cold core of a star which lights just a little white light and doesn't really produce much warmth. The Solar System will get even colder place then and life in it would be impossible.
This end of Sun and life on Earth will take place just after 5 billion years (5 000 000 000). Sun is now in the middle of its life.
Although scientists have supposed that human species will be extinct in about 5 million years (5 000 000). So we won’t be here to see the Earth destroying.
tiistai 16. marraskuuta 2010
How evolution works?
Through mutations and natural selection.
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Evolution favors the most adaptive individual. Adaptive ones have always survived and moved their genes ahead through propagation. If some individual of any organism has had an mutation in its genes (which happens time to time by coincidence), and it has had advantage in life because of it, most likely this individual has survived better than the others and could have produced descendants more easily. So the good mutation has spread through descendants during several generations and has became standard feature of that species. At the same time the others with inferior genes have slowly passed away, because they couldn't had so many offsprings than the strong ones. Like this the natural selection favors the strong ones who are most suitable for their living environment.
And through time new species have developed from the same ancestors, when species have moved to another environments and developed new features suitable for their new needs.
This is the evolution from onecelled creature to human:
In process... my drawings, not evolution (or it is actually always in process)
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Evolution favors the most adaptive individual. Adaptive ones have always survived and moved their genes ahead through propagation. If some individual of any organism has had an mutation in its genes (which happens time to time by coincidence), and it has had advantage in life because of it, most likely this individual has survived better than the others and could have produced descendants more easily. So the good mutation has spread through descendants during several generations and has became standard feature of that species. At the same time the others with inferior genes have slowly passed away, because they couldn't had so many offsprings than the strong ones. Like this the natural selection favors the strong ones who are most suitable for their living environment.
And through time new species have developed from the same ancestors, when species have moved to another environments and developed new features suitable for their new needs.
This is the evolution from onecelled creature to human:
sunnuntai 14. marraskuuta 2010
How human became human?
Through evolution.
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Human has evolved from the same ancestors as all the other primates of today, meaning apes and monkeys. Human has not evolved from monkeys, but the same paleo-primates as them. Humans and monkeys ways separated some millions years ago. In the line of the human there have been many other species besides the Homo, which developed to modern human. Some of the species were: Australopithecus Afarensis, Australopithecus Africanus, Paranthropus Aethiopicus, Paranthropus Boisei, Paranthropus Robustus, Homo Habilis (used tools), Homo Ergaster, Homo Erectus (walked on two legs), Homo Heidelbergensis, Homo Neanderthalensis (Neanderthal human) and Homo Sapiens (modern human).
All the other species except Homo Sapiens are dead by now, or in the case of Neanderthals, mixed with modern human. All the non-african people still today have some Neanderthal genes in them. The next relative of the human today is bonobo chimpanzee, smaller version of regular chimpanzee, living in Kongo. The other large primates are gorilla and orangutang. Even human and chimpanzee have 98 percent same genes they are still gone far away from each other during millions of years.
Often there is speak about a "missing link" between humans and apes, but the whole idea of missing link has been wrong from the very start. There is no holes to be filled with missing links in human family tree. It is proven perfectly that humans developed from paleo-primates like the apes aswell.
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Human has evolved from the same ancestors as all the other primates of today, meaning apes and monkeys. Human has not evolved from monkeys, but the same paleo-primates as them. Humans and monkeys ways separated some millions years ago. In the line of the human there have been many other species besides the Homo, which developed to modern human. Some of the species were: Australopithecus Afarensis, Australopithecus Africanus, Paranthropus Aethiopicus, Paranthropus Boisei, Paranthropus Robustus, Homo Habilis (used tools), Homo Ergaster, Homo Erectus (walked on two legs), Homo Heidelbergensis, Homo Neanderthalensis (Neanderthal human) and Homo Sapiens (modern human).
All the other species except Homo Sapiens are dead by now, or in the case of Neanderthals, mixed with modern human. All the non-african people still today have some Neanderthal genes in them. The next relative of the human today is bonobo chimpanzee, smaller version of regular chimpanzee, living in Kongo. The other large primates are gorilla and orangutang. Even human and chimpanzee have 98 percent same genes they are still gone far away from each other during millions of years.
Often there is speak about a "missing link" between humans and apes, but the whole idea of missing link has been wrong from the very start. There is no holes to be filled with missing links in human family tree. It is proven perfectly that humans developed from paleo-primates like the apes aswell.
lauantai 13. marraskuuta 2010
How the life began?
By coincidence.
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When the Earth was formed (by gravity) and cooled enough, in the primal water started a reaction. It may have started by lightning which constantly thundered proto-earth. Molecules combined and the first cells were created. This happened just by coincidence. The cells evolved and formed some bacteria, first organisms on Earth. Bacteria evolved through time and they started to photosynthesize, to produce oxygen. These were plant cells. First plants were seaweed. Plants moved to land through time and produced more oxygen. Land was full of plants which used carbon dioxide and transformed it into oxygen. At the same time first animals were evolved at the seas. They were invertebrate organisms, kind of worm like. Through time invertabrates evolved to fish, fish to amphibians. At that time there were enough oxygen in the atmosphere so the animals would be able to move to land and breath air. First insects and other invertebrae moved to live on land. Then the amphibians developed lungs, first with gills, later gills removed. They start to breath air aswell and they came ashore first just to lay eggs. Later they moved to live on land. Amphibians evolved to reptiles. Reptiles became dinosaurs, pterosaurs (flying reptiles, not dinosaurs), ichtyosaurs and plesiosaurs (reptiles which lived in seas, not dinosaurs). While some dinosaurs evolved to birds, some reptiles evolved to mammals. Mammals evolved through time and many orders and species were formed. Finally human evolved from the same ancestors as other primates (apes and monkeys).
However human is not the ultimate endpoint of evolution, nor is it the best, most advanced, developed or intelligent species. Humans are just animals like all the others.
________________________
When the Earth was formed (by gravity) and cooled enough, in the primal water started a reaction. It may have started by lightning which constantly thundered proto-earth. Molecules combined and the first cells were created. This happened just by coincidence. The cells evolved and formed some bacteria, first organisms on Earth. Bacteria evolved through time and they started to photosynthesize, to produce oxygen. These were plant cells. First plants were seaweed. Plants moved to land through time and produced more oxygen. Land was full of plants which used carbon dioxide and transformed it into oxygen. At the same time first animals were evolved at the seas. They were invertebrate organisms, kind of worm like. Through time invertabrates evolved to fish, fish to amphibians. At that time there were enough oxygen in the atmosphere so the animals would be able to move to land and breath air. First insects and other invertebrae moved to live on land. Then the amphibians developed lungs, first with gills, later gills removed. They start to breath air aswell and they came ashore first just to lay eggs. Later they moved to live on land. Amphibians evolved to reptiles. Reptiles became dinosaurs, pterosaurs (flying reptiles, not dinosaurs), ichtyosaurs and plesiosaurs (reptiles which lived in seas, not dinosaurs). While some dinosaurs evolved to birds, some reptiles evolved to mammals. Mammals evolved through time and many orders and species were formed. Finally human evolved from the same ancestors as other primates (apes and monkeys).
However human is not the ultimate endpoint of evolution, nor is it the best, most advanced, developed or intelligent species. Humans are just animals like all the others.
How the Universe was born?
In Big Bang
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About 13.7 billion years ago all the materia of the universe was condensed in one spot, called singularity, which size was blinding small and density infinite. When singularity was condensed to as small it can be, it exploded. It's called the Big Bang, because it was the biggest explosion of the universe. There was no sound in it, because there were no air in which the sonic waves would travel, so the big "bang" is relatively misleading term. In just a fraction of second the whole universe spread out of that spot. It wasn't like we know it now, just large amount of chemical elements. Elements mixed together creating new elements and forming objects. Elements were first in gas phase, but while cooling, some of them changed to liquid and solid form. Objects was first like fogs, then they condensed to solid objects. Gravity shaped the objects to spherical shape, like planets, planetoids (small planet-like objects), moons etc. If the object was heavy enough in physical mass, a nuclear reaction started in its core. The object started to radiate and it has become a star.
Stars born in nebulas (fogs full of materials for stars), when the star is condensed, there usually is lots of remain material (gas) around it. Gravity shapes the gas in the form of a disc that orbits around the star. The materia in the disc accumulates and form planets. If the spherical objects were near some object with greater mass, it probably started to orbit that object, so it became a moon. At first planets were gas, then liquid, then they cooled to solid objects. Planets heavy enough stayed in gas form. Planets have several layers inside them. For example Earths inner core is solid, outer core liquid, mantle viscous solid, outer mantle solid and crust solid. Most of the planets have just one core. Stars have layers also, core, mantle and surface.
Stars accumulated in galaxies, large drift of stars, and planets formed solar systems around the stars. This creative process is always under way, new stars and planets are constantly forming while others are being destroyed. The natural cause of universe.
No one can know what has happened before the Big Bang, because the time itself began then. Humans can make sharper and sharper telescopes and look further and further back in time, but we can't look back at the time, when time hasn't begun.
_________________________
About 13.7 billion years ago all the materia of the universe was condensed in one spot, called singularity, which size was blinding small and density infinite. When singularity was condensed to as small it can be, it exploded. It's called the Big Bang, because it was the biggest explosion of the universe. There was no sound in it, because there were no air in which the sonic waves would travel, so the big "bang" is relatively misleading term. In just a fraction of second the whole universe spread out of that spot. It wasn't like we know it now, just large amount of chemical elements. Elements mixed together creating new elements and forming objects. Elements were first in gas phase, but while cooling, some of them changed to liquid and solid form. Objects was first like fogs, then they condensed to solid objects. Gravity shaped the objects to spherical shape, like planets, planetoids (small planet-like objects), moons etc. If the object was heavy enough in physical mass, a nuclear reaction started in its core. The object started to radiate and it has become a star.
Stars born in nebulas (fogs full of materials for stars), when the star is condensed, there usually is lots of remain material (gas) around it. Gravity shapes the gas in the form of a disc that orbits around the star. The materia in the disc accumulates and form planets. If the spherical objects were near some object with greater mass, it probably started to orbit that object, so it became a moon. At first planets were gas, then liquid, then they cooled to solid objects. Planets heavy enough stayed in gas form. Planets have several layers inside them. For example Earths inner core is solid, outer core liquid, mantle viscous solid, outer mantle solid and crust solid. Most of the planets have just one core. Stars have layers also, core, mantle and surface.
Stars accumulated in galaxies, large drift of stars, and planets formed solar systems around the stars. This creative process is always under way, new stars and planets are constantly forming while others are being destroyed. The natural cause of universe.
No one can know what has happened before the Big Bang, because the time itself began then. Humans can make sharper and sharper telescopes and look further and further back in time, but we can't look back at the time, when time hasn't begun.
Does God(s) exist?
No.
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Gods are creations of humans. They only exist in peoples minds. How could anyone claim that his/her god is real and other peoples gods aren't? They can't. Everybodys god is true to just him/herself.
Man has always believed in something, from the prehistoric to the present day. The gods have changed many times. At first humans believed in nature spirits, which operated everywhere. Through time some of the religious people become clerics and priest class. They defined what were the gods like. They, human beings, invented what were the gods, what they can do, and how they need to be worshipped.
Animism: soul in everything. Worshipping of nature spirits. Shamans fall into trance to communicate with spirits.
In use in prehistoric times, in native American cultures, aboriginal and oceanic cultures, African cultures.
Polytheism: many gods for different matters, like Sun, sky, storm, war, love, beauty, wisdom. Priests control the religion. Gods need offerings and could listen prays.
In use in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, Celtic and German culture, Viking culture, Hinduism, Meso-American cultures.
Dualism: two adversary gods, archetypes of good and evil, fighting always against each other, but neither one wins so the World stays in balance. Priest control the religion. Gods need offerings and could listen prays.
In use in Zoroastrianism, Taoism.
Monotheism: One god. Often named just "god", like Christianitys God, Jewish Jahve and Islamic Allah. In use in Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, during a little period of time in ancient Egypt.
Pantheism: The universe and god are the same, no personified or creator god. No priests.
In use in some forms of Buddhism, Neopaganism, Theosophy.
None of these religious thought can be proven right, ever. Because they are just invented by humans, work of imagination and no scientific proof. The religions have been created to control the moral and habits of people, to collect money, to raise armies and to praise the rulers glory and supposed divinity.
Gods have been used for terrible things, like wars and genocides. But gods have also given faith to people living in misery and dark times. In the middle ages in Europe, Christianity promised a place in heaven, everlasting paradise, for the religious people. That must have given great hope for better future in afterlife and encouraging people to live on, while wars, diseases, persecutions and poorness pressed them.
But in the present day, 21st century, we don't need gods. The religions are conservative relics of the past, outlived intolerant institutions, which are no needed anymore. They cause faith to some people still, but discriminates others. And all the benefits of faith can be received from other, more reasonable means. When people doesn't believe in gods anymore, they are dead. They only lived in our heads.
_________________________
Gods are creations of humans. They only exist in peoples minds. How could anyone claim that his/her god is real and other peoples gods aren't? They can't. Everybodys god is true to just him/herself.
Man has always believed in something, from the prehistoric to the present day. The gods have changed many times. At first humans believed in nature spirits, which operated everywhere. Through time some of the religious people become clerics and priest class. They defined what were the gods like. They, human beings, invented what were the gods, what they can do, and how they need to be worshipped.
Animism: soul in everything. Worshipping of nature spirits. Shamans fall into trance to communicate with spirits.
In use in prehistoric times, in native American cultures, aboriginal and oceanic cultures, African cultures.
Polytheism: many gods for different matters, like Sun, sky, storm, war, love, beauty, wisdom. Priests control the religion. Gods need offerings and could listen prays.
In use in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, Celtic and German culture, Viking culture, Hinduism, Meso-American cultures.
Dualism: two adversary gods, archetypes of good and evil, fighting always against each other, but neither one wins so the World stays in balance. Priest control the religion. Gods need offerings and could listen prays.
In use in Zoroastrianism, Taoism.
Monotheism: One god. Often named just "god", like Christianitys God, Jewish Jahve and Islamic Allah. In use in Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, during a little period of time in ancient Egypt.
Pantheism: The universe and god are the same, no personified or creator god. No priests.
In use in some forms of Buddhism, Neopaganism, Theosophy.
None of these religious thought can be proven right, ever. Because they are just invented by humans, work of imagination and no scientific proof. The religions have been created to control the moral and habits of people, to collect money, to raise armies and to praise the rulers glory and supposed divinity.
Gods have been used for terrible things, like wars and genocides. But gods have also given faith to people living in misery and dark times. In the middle ages in Europe, Christianity promised a place in heaven, everlasting paradise, for the religious people. That must have given great hope for better future in afterlife and encouraging people to live on, while wars, diseases, persecutions and poorness pressed them.
But in the present day, 21st century, we don't need gods. The religions are conservative relics of the past, outlived intolerant institutions, which are no needed anymore. They cause faith to some people still, but discriminates others. And all the benefits of faith can be received from other, more reasonable means. When people doesn't believe in gods anymore, they are dead. They only lived in our heads.
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